Linux-Home
- Linux-Background
- Basics of Terminal
- User Administrator
- Permission in Linux
- Partition in Linux
- Logical Volume Manager
- IP Address Assignment
- Red Hat Package Manager
- Network File System
- File Transfer Protocol
- Backup in Linux
- Domain Name System
- Apache Web Server
- Disk Quotas in Linux
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- Mail Server in Linux
- RAID in Linux
Reference
Partition :
To divide the hard disk space into different drives is known as partition.
Types of partition :
By default in any OS there are three types of partition :-
- Primary partition which is used to install OS.
- Extended partition - after three primary partition, the remaining free space is known as extended partition.
- Logical partition which is used to store user data.
Partitioning tools :
Pre-installation tool [at the time of installation] => Disk Druid
Post-installation tools [in Windows disk management] => fdisk and parted [ these commands are used to create, delete or check the list of partition after installation of OS]
Naming convention of hardware devices :
Sata Hard Disk - /dev/sda IDE Hard Disk - /dev/hda DVD-RW - /dev/sr0 Pen Drive or USB - /dev/sdb
[root@localhost~]#fdisk -l This command is used to check the list of partition with the size. [root@localhost~]#fdisk /dev/sda This command is used to create a partition. Command action : a - toggle a bootable flag b - edit bsd disklabel c - toggle the dos compatibility flag d - delete a partition l - list known partition types m - print this menu n - add a new partition o - create a new empty DOS partition table p - print the partition table q - quit without saving changes s - create a new empty Sun disklabel t - change a partition's system id u - change display/entry units v - verify the partition table w - write table to disk and exit x - extra functionality
[root@localhost~]#parted -l This command is also used to check the list of partition with the size. [It provide more user-friendly information]
Create a partition using fdisk command :
To check the list of partition with the size - [root@localhost~]#fdisk -l To create a partition - [root@localhost~]#fdisk /dev/sda Command (m for help): n First cylinder (3634-3917, default 3634): [Enter] (To avoid giving size of partition in cylinder) Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,L,M}{3634-3917, default 3917}: +10GB Command (m for help): p [lets say we already have 9 partition available so, the new partition will be /dev/sda10] Command (m for help): w To update new partition table without restarting the OS - [root@localhost~]#partprobe /dev/sda [for CentOS 7 or RHEL 7] [root@localhost~]#partx -a /dev/sda [for CentOS 6 or RHEL 6] Format the partition to create file system - [root@localhost~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 [ext4 is a file system] To check the partition file system with id number - [root@localhost~]#blkid /dev/sda10
Delete a partition using fdisk command :
To delete a partition - [root@localhost~]#fdisk /dev/sda Command (m for help): d Partition number (1-10): 10 Command (m for help): p Command (m for help): w
Mounting :
Mounting is a method which is used to access any device (partition, CD-ROM, USB device, network device etc.) with the help of mount point.
Mount point :
A mount point is a directory which is linking with specific device (access point).
To mount a partition : [to activate any device]
Create a directory - [root@localhost~]#mkdir /dir1 Mount the partition - [root@localhost~]#mount /dev/sda10 /dir1 To check all the mounted partition list - [root@localhost~]#mount To store data in mounted partition - [root@localhost~]#touch /dir1/file1 To deactivate the partition - [root@localhost~]#unmount /dir1
Mounting a partition permanently :
[root@localhost~]#vi /etc/fstab This command is used to mount a partition permanently. fstab (file system table) - It is used to mount the partition permanently with the help of partition name, file system, mount point & default permission. Example : [root@localhost~]#vi /etc/fstab fstab file will be opened, then press i/I/o/O/a/A (any one of them) to go to insert mode. Now go to end of the file and type : /dev/sda10 /dir1 ext4 default 0 0 Then press wq to save and exit. To update permanent mounted partition - [root@localhost~]#mount -a